9.21. Disk Image Modes

9.21.1.1. description

In flat mode, all sectors of the harddisk are stored in one flat file, in lba order.

9.21.1.2. image creation

Flat disk images can be created with the bximage utility (see Section 9.22 for more information).

9.21.1.3. path

The "path" option of the ataX-xxx directive in the configuration file must point to the flat image file.

9.21.1.4. external tools

Flat images content can be accessed from the host by the following tools :

• mtools (see Section 9.3)

• mount with a loopback (see Section 9.8)

• Winimage / DiskExplorer (see Section 9.5)

• Bochs Tools (see Section 9.4)

9.21.1.5. typical use

Flat mode is Bochs default harddisk layout. This is also the layout of disk images provided on Bochs websites.

9.21.1.6. limitations

On some host OSes, Bochs flat disk images are limited to 2GiB.

9.21.2.1. description

In concat mode, all sectors of the harddisk are stored in several flat files, in lba order.

9.21.2.2. image creation

Disk images for the usage in 'concat' mode can be created as 'flat' mode image files with the bximage utility (see Section 9.22 for more information).

9.21.2.3. path

The "path" option of the ataX-xxx directive in the configuration file must point to the first file (e.g. win95-1). The lower layer files names are found by adding 1 to the last character (e.g. win95-2, win95-3, etc.).

9.21.2.4. external tools

If every single file contains a complete partition, they can be accessed with same tools as the 'flat' mode images.

9.21.2.5. typical use

If the partition sizes and file sizes are set up correctly, this allows you to store each partition in a separate file, which is very convenient if you want to operate on a single partition (e.g. mount with loopback, create file system, fsck, etc.).

9.21.2.6. limitations

On some host OSes, there is a limit of 2GiB per file.

9.21.3.1. description

This mode is only useful for developers and needs an additional win32 / win64 DLL loaded by Bochs at runtime.

9.21.4.1. description

Sparse disk support has been added by JustinSB. Sparse disk features are:

• Large hard drive can be created, and only used space will be stored in the file. In practice, on Unix, this is not a large gain as it is done anyway.

• Multiple sparse drive images can be mounted on top of each other. Writes go to the top image. This allows several similar configurations to share a master "base" file, and also allows file system rollback or no-write options. Up to 10 disk images can be layered on top of each other.

9.21.4.2. image creation

Sparse disk images must be created with the bximage utility (see Section 9.22 for more information). Be sure to enter "sparse" when selecting the image type.

9.21.4.3. path

The "path" option of the ataX-xxx directive in the configuration file must point to the top layered file. The lower layer files names are found by substracting 1 from the last character (must be a digit)

9.21.4.4. external tools

The bximage utility (see Section 9.22 provides convert and resize support for "sparse" mode images.

9.21.4.5. typical use

9.21.4.6. limitations

There is a need for supporting utilities (yet unwritten) :

• to merge two sparse disk images into a single image

• to defragment a sparse disk image and remove unused space

9.21.5.1. description

Sharvil Nanavati has added vmware3/4 disk image support into Bochs for Net Integration Technologies, Inc. You should be able to use disk images created by vmware version 3 and 4.

9.21.5.2. image creation

Create such disk image with vmware version 3 or 4.

9.21.5.3. path

The "path" option of the ataX-xxx directive in the configuration file must point to the vmware3/4 disk image.

9.21.5.4. external tools

In addition to the utilities provided by VMware Inc. some other freeware tools are available.

9.21.5.5. typical use

If you want to use an existing vmware3/4 disk image.

9.21.5.6. limitations

Only vmware versions 3 and 4 disk image files are supported.

9.21.6.1. description

Undoable disks are commitable/rollbackable disk images. An undoable disk is based on a read-only image, associated with a growing redolog, that contains all changes (writes) made to the base image content. Currently, base images of types 'flat', 'sparse', 'growing', 'vmware3', 'vmware4' and 'vpc' are supported.

This redolog is dynamically created at runtime, if it does not previously exists.

All writes go to the redolog, reads are done from the redolog if previously written, or from the base file otherwise.

If unspecified with the "journal" option of the ataX-xxx directive, the redolog file name is created by adding a ".redolog" suffix to the base image name.

File size of the redolog can grow up to the total disk size plus a small overhead due to internal data management (about 3% for a 32MiB disk, less than 0.5% for a 2GiB disk).

After a run, the redolog will still be present, so the changes are still visible the next time you run Bochs with this disk image.

9.21.6.2. image creation

The base disk images must be created with the bximage utility (see Section 9.22 for more information). The redolog file is created automatically if it doesn't exist.

9.21.6.3. path

The "path" option of the ataX-xxx directive in the configuration file must be the base image name. The redolog name can be set with the "journal" option of the same directive. If not set, the redolog name is created by adding the ".redolog" suffix to the base image name.

9.21.6.4. external tools

To access the 'flat' mode base disk image content, see Section 9.21.1.4 for available tools.

9.21.6.5. typical use

• Commit

  After a run, the redolog can be committed (merged) to the base image with the bximage utility.

• Rollback

  After a run, the redolog can be rollbacked (discarded) by simply deleting the redolog file.

• Common Base

  One base disk image with a guest OS installed can be used to install different software as described above for the "sparse" disk image mode.

• Harddisk Image on a Read-Only Medium

  In the 'undoable' mode, the base file is always opened in read-only mode, so it can safely be stored on a read-only medium (for example on a CD-ROM). In that case it is recommended to specify the redolog file with the "journal" option.

9.21.6.6. limitations

The "undoable" disk depends on the limitations of base disk image used.

9.21.7.1. description

Growing disk images start as small files, and grow whenever new data is written to them.

Once a sector is written in the growing file, subsequent writes to the same sector will happen in place.

File size of Growing disk images can go up to the total disk size plus a small overhead due to internal data management. (about 3% for a 32MiB disk, less than 0.5% for a 2GiB disk).

9.21.7.2. image creation

Growing disk images must be created with the bximage utility (see Section 9.22 for more information). Be sure to enter "growing" when selecting the image type.

9.21.7.3. path

The "path" option of the ataX-xxx directive in the configuration file must be the growing image name.

9.21.7.4. external tools

The bximage utility (see Section 9.22 provides convert and resize support for "growing" mode images.

9.21.7.5. typical use

Growing disk images can be used whenever you want to maximize disk space. However, please note that Bochs will not check if enough disk space is available before writing new data. If no disk space is available, a panic will occur.

9.21.7.6. limitations

The size of the virtual disk is currently limited to 8 TB, but the maximum size of the image file depends on host OS limitations.

9.21.8.1. description

Volatile disks are always-rollbacked disk images. A volatile disk is based on a read-only image, associated with a growing redolog, that contains all changes (writes) made to the base image content. Currently, base images of types 'flat', 'sparse', 'growing', 'vmware3', 'vmware4', 'vpc' and 'vbox' are supported.

The redolog is dynamically created at runtime, when Bochs starts, and is deleted when Bochs closes (win32) or just after it has been created (Unix).

All writes go to the redolog, reads are done from the redolog if previously written, or from the base file otherwise.

If unspecified with the "journal" option of the ataX-xxx directive, the redolog file name is created by adding a ".redolog" suffix to the base image name.

File size of the redolog can grow up to the total disk size plus a small overhead due to internal data management (about 3% for a 32MiB disk, less than 0.5% for a 2GiB disk).

After a run, the redolog is not any more present, so the changes are discarded.

9.21.8.2. image creation

The base disk images must be created with the bximage utility (see Section 9.22 for more information). The temporary redolog file is created automatically.

9.21.8.3. path

The "path" option of the ataX-xxx directive in the configuration file must be the base image name. The redolog name can be set with the "journal" option of the same directive. If not set, the redolog name is created by adding the ".redolog" suffix to the base image name. A random suffix is also appended to the redolog name.

9.21.8.4. external tools

To access 'flat' mode base disk image content, see Section 9.21.1.4 for available tools.

9.21.8.5. typical use

• Repeatable simulations

  to be completed

• Multiple Bochs instances

  to be completed

• Harddisk Image on a Read-Only Medium

  In the 'volatile' mode, the base file is always opened in read-only mode, so it can safely be stored on a read-only medium (for example on a CD-ROM). In that case it is recommended to specify the redolog file with the "journal" option.

9.21.8.6. limitations

The "volatile" disk depends on the limitations of base disk image used.

9.21.9.1. description

The "vpc" disk image mode is mostly a port of Qemu's "vpc" block driver for VirtualPC disk images (written by Alex Beregszaszi and Kevin Wolf).

9.21.9.2. image creation

Create such disk image with Microsoft VirtualPC (tm), Qemu's disk image utility (qemu-img) or bximage utility (see Section 9.22 for more information).

9.21.9.3. path

The "path" option of the ataX-xxx directive in the configuration file must point to the VirtualPC disk image.

9.21.9.4. external tools

Use Microsoft VirtualPC (tm) tools to manipulate these disk images.

9.21.9.5. typical use

Share disk images with VirtualPC.

9.21.9.6. limitations

The based on the Qemu code the disk size is limited to 127 GB.

9.21.10.1. description

The "vbox" disk image mode for VirtualBox disk images (VDI version 1.1) has been written by Benjamin D. Lunt.

9.21.10.2. image creation

Create such disk image with Qemu's disk image utility (qemu-img).

9.21.10.3. path

The "path" option of the ataX-xxx directive in the configuration file must point to the VirtualBox disk image.

9.21.10.4. external tools

Use VirtualBox tools to manipulate these disk images.

9.21.10.5. typical use

Share disk images with VirtualBox.

9.21.10.6. limitations

to be completed

9.21.11.1. description

The "vvfat" disk image mode is mostly a port of Qemu's "virtual VFAT" block driver (written by Johannes E. Schindelin). It supports the read-only part of this implementation plus some additions. The structures of the virtual disk are created from the contents of the specified local directory when Bochs is starting. All writes to this virtual disk go to a volatile redolog and when closing Bochs, the user can decide whether or not to commit the changes. If "No" is seclected, all changes will be lost when Bochs quits and the files of the local directory are not modified. Otherwise, the changes of files and directories are committed. WARNING: Don't use important data without backup in the "vvfat" directory when using this "optional commit" feature.

In addition to Qemu's "vvfat" implementation the Bochs one supports configurable disk geometry, FAT32 and reading MBR and/or boot sector from file. When using the autodetection feature, the CHS values 1024/16/63 (Qemu defaults) are used. To use an MBR image file from a real disk it must be named vvfat_mbr.bin and placed in the specified directory. Bochs uses the geometry and file system type from this file and doesn't show it on the virtual disk. The same applies to a boot sector image file, but it must be named vvfat_boot.bin. Using both image file is also possible if they match (grabbed from the same disk).

FAT32 is enabled for disk with minimum 2 GB size, or if MBR / boot sector image enable this filesystem. When using "vvfat" for a floppy, FAT12 is used (1.44M media only). In all other cases FAT16 is used. Long filename support is always present.

Special FAT file attributes are stored in a special file named vvfat_attr.cfg. When using the "optional commit" feature, modified attributes are saved to this file. The "optional commit" also supports setting the file modification date and time.

9.21.11.2. image creation

Not necessary. The directory must exist before running Bochs.

9.21.11.3. path

The "path" option of the ataX-xxx directive in the configuration file must point to an existing local directory. The redolog name can be set with the "journal" option of the same directive. If not set, the redolog name is created by adding the filename "vvfat.dir.redolog" to the path. A random suffix is also appended to the redolog name.

9.21.11.4. external tools

You can use your favourite file manager to copy file to the directory you'd like to use. The directory should not be modified while Bochs is running.

9.21.11.5. typical use

Accessing files of the host hard drive is only possible with vvfat.

9.21.11.6. limitations

There is no runtime write support present yet. All changes are written to the volatile redolog and they can only be committed on Bochs exit.

When using the MBR from image file only the first partition is used and it must be of type FAT16 or FAT32. FAT12 can be used for the floppy only. An extended partition or other file system types are not supported.

The "vvfat" implementation does not support save/restore, since there is no check if the host directory tree and all files are unmodified after saving the Bochs state.